Jim Crow Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Jim Crow - Research Paper Example The Jim Crow was characterized by tough anti-black polices or laws (Packard 2003, 222). Under the Jim crow, people of color especially African Americans were seen as people who belonged to the lower or second class in society. The Jim Crow rallied for implementation of anti-black policies because many theologians and Christians preached that the white people were children of God. They taught that God cursed people of color especially black men to be servants, and due to this, God endorsed racial biasness (Boskin 1976). In addition, craniologists and social thinkers argued that the culture of the black people was inferior and that they were intellectually inferior to the white people. Those politicians who were against social integration believed that the black culture could not mix with the white culture as this could lead to mongrelization of the white race which they perceived to be superior than any other race (Klarman 2006, 211). The media propagated racial segregation in their articles where they referred to black people as darkies, coons, and niggers. Their messages in the articles spread anti-black information and stereotypes. For instance, in schools, white children saw black children as inferior and worthless. Under the Jim Crow, all social institutions such as schools and churches reinforced oppression of the people of color particularly African Americans (Parish 2008, 93-95). The Jim Crow norms worked in combination with the Jim Crow policies. The Jim Crow norms were responsible for black exclusion from significant facilities such as jobs, transport, and schools. The 13th and 15th amendment of the US constitution had given black people same rights and legal protection as white people (Stetson 2011, 188). However, when Rutherford was elected the US president, border and southern States started restricting the freedoms and rights of black people. Even the highest institution in the land, the Supreme Court, reinforced racial segregation with the

Environmental Science- make up a hypothetical disaster scenario Essay

Environmental Science- make up a hypothetical disaster scenario - Essay Example This plate is not static as it moves about ten centimeters annually hence forcing its way under the South America continental plate (U S library of congress n.p). Such telluric dislodgment resulted to the Trench in Peru and Chile thereby making the country prone to earthquakes as the Nazca plate causes high stress beneath Chile. Additionally, about 50% of the nation’s terrain is mountainous and the nation’s citizens mostly live near these mountains. In relation to the issue of possible contamination, water contamination and chemical contamination are possible (U S library of congress n.p). During this disaster, the country was subjected to sudden earthquake of about 9.0 richter scale. This earthquake was more than any other experienced in the area in the recent past. On this occasion, the earthquake was so great that the high stress beneath the land caused buildings to sink as soil liquefaction occurred. During such a strong earth quake, the water and the soil mix thereby making the ground very soft and act like a quicksand. Since the South American arc extends over 7000 km from the Chilean margin and the Panama fracture zone along a triple junction (Embassy of the United States n.p). This junction marks the plate boundary between sub-ducting Nazca plate and almost static South American plate. At this point, Nazca plate’s oceanic lithosphere and crust underlie the South American mantle hence causing earthquakes and active volcanic along the deformation. This form of an earthquake was recently experienced in Japan on March 11 2011 resulting to massive damage inc luding infrastructure and damage to several Nuclear power plants (U S library of congress n.p). The main role of public health professionals is to ensure that the negative consequences associated with such an event are minimized through evacuation, in a place around the site. In terms of health, gas leaks are a very likely either a natural gas or as gas used for